| Black cohosh |
May further reduce lipids or blood pressure when combined with prescription medications; may increase antiproliferative effect obtained with tamoxifen. |
| Chamomile |
May increase bleeding when used with anticoagulants; may increase sedative effect of benzodiazepines. |
| Dong quai |
May increase effects of warfarin. |
| Echinacea |
May interfere with immunosuppressive therapy. |
| Garlic |
May increase bleeding time with aspirin, dipyridamole, and warfarin; may increase effects and adverse effects of hyperglycemic agents. |
| Ginkgo biloba |
May increase bleeding time with aspirin, dipyridamole, and warfarin; may increase blood pressure when used with thiazide diuretics. |
| Ginseng |
May adversely affect platelet adhesiveness/blood coagulation; may increase hypoglycemia with insulin; may interfere with antipsychotic drugs; may cause hypertension when used long-term with caffeine. |
| Kava kava |
May increase central nervous system depression when used with alcohol and sedatives; may cause hepatotoxicity.[12] |
| St. John's wort |
May cause serotonin syndrome when used with antidepressants and drugs using p450 microsomal enzyme for metabolism.[13] Interacts with procarbazine. |
| Ma huang (ephedra) |
Increases toxicity with beta-blockers, MAOIs, caffeine, and St. John’s wort. |
| Yohimbe |
Decreases effect of antidepressants, antihypertensives, hyperglycemic agents, MAOIs, and St. John’s wort. |